Contact lenses work like mini magnifying glasses to fine-tune and redirect light entering the eyes so it focuses on the retina. Different types of contacts can help correct different vision issues.

The main distinction between contacts is whether they are spherical, aspheric, cylindrical or flat (plano). Contacts are also available in different modalities, such as those that are disposable and discarded daily or are worn weekly, monthly or longer.

1. Soft lenses

Many contact lens wearers choose soft lenses for their comfort, and there are a variety of options available. Your eye doctor will help you choose a type that suits your lifestyle and prescription. If you want to wear contacts for long periods of time, bifocal or multifocal soft lenses may be a good choice for you.

Soft plastics and silicone hydrogel are used for these types of lenses, which can be worn either daily or continuously (extended-wear) as prescribed. They allow up to five times more oxygen to reach the cornea than conventional soft contact lenses, which helps reduce the risk of complications from eye irritation and dehydration.

Rigid gas permeable (RGP) lenses provide crisper vision than soft contact lenses, but require a longer adjustment period. Some people also find them less comfortable, especially if they have allergies or get protein deposits on their lenses. Some hybrid lenses have a rigid zone in the center and a soft skirt of material surrounding it, which offers the advantages of both RGPs and soft lenses.

2. Rigid lenses

Rigid lenses, which are also known as gas permeable contact lenses, allow for oxygen to pass through them to the cornea, reducing the risk of eye problems due to the lack of oxygen. They can be worn by almost anyone who needs corrective lens, but they are especially important for individuals with astigmatism who may have been told that they cannot wear soft contacts due to the distortion.

These lenses are made of durable plastic that still allows oxygen to pass through, reducing the likelihood of bacteria and deposits building up in your eyes. They are also harder to tear, easier to insert and care for, and if properly cleaned they can last for years.

These lenses come in many shapes and sizes, allowing your optometrist to choose the best one for you. They can be spherical for nearsightedness and farsightedness, toric for astigmatism, or multifocal to accommodate presbyopia. They can also be used for keratoconus to help prevent progression of the condition, which can cause severe visual distortion.

3. Extended-wear lenses

Almost all soft contact lenses are designed to be discarded and replaced at the end of a specific wearing period, typically one to four weeks. This prevents the accumulation of proteins, lipids and other debris from creating a hospitable environment for infection.

Most extended wear contacts are a form of gas permeable plastic that allows oxygen to flow to the eye. These lenses can be worn for a week or more without needing to be removed before bedtime. These lenses are popular for people who want to avoid the tedious process of removing and inserting lenses every day.

It is important to follow the guidance of your eye care practitioner regarding how long you should be wearing these lenses. If you notice any discomfort, redness or other signs that your contact lens may be causing problems, it is best to remove them and consult with your eye care practitioner at once. This will help to prevent minor issues from escalating into major problems.

4. Bandage lenses

The surface of the eye can become damaged, often as a result of an accident, piercing injuries or disease. These corneal abrasions create an open wound that needs to be healed in order for the epithelium to remain intact.

Therapeutic bandage contact lenses can help heal these corneal abrasions. They can also be used to help relieve pain and seal wound leaks. They’re typically fitted to be worn as long-term therapy for a number of conditions including keratitis, chronic epithelial defects and neurotrophic keratitis.

They’re designed to be paired with medication eye drops like antibiotics and lubricating solutions. This combination provides a protective barrier that allows for the drug to be deposited at the site of injury, which can improve healing and reduce complications such as inflammation and infection (Tyler Thompson TT.).

Whether you’re wearing your contacts for vision correction or treating a health condition, it’s always important to prioritise eye care and visit an accredited optometrist. Book an appointment online or speak to one of our Oscar Wylee in-store team today to see how we can help you with your eyes.